anope/modules/database/db_json.cpp

/*
 *
 * (C) 2003-2025 Anope Team
 * Contact us at team@anope.org
 *
 * Please read COPYING and README for further details.
 *
 * Based on the original code of Epona by Lara.
 * Based on the original code of Services by Andy Church.
 */

#include <filesystem>

#include "yyjson/yyjson.c"

#include "module.h"

#define ANOPE_DATABASE_VERSION 1

// TODO:
// * forking into background
// * stable key order

inline Anope::string yyjson_mut_get_astr(yyjson_mut_val *val)
{
	const auto *str = yyjson_mut_get_str(val);
	return str ? str : "";
}

inline void yyjson_mut_obj_upsert(yyjson_mut_doc *doc, yyjson_mut_val *obj, const char *key, yyjson_mut_val *val)
{
	auto *oldval = yyjson_mut_obj_get(obj, key);
	if (oldval)
		yyjson_mut_obj_replace(obj, yyjson_mut_str(doc, key), val);
	else
		yyjson_mut_obj_add_val(doc, obj, key, val);
}

class Data final
	: public Serialize::Data
{
public:
	// If non-zero then the id of the database entry.
	Serializable::Id id = 0;

	// Data in this database entry.
	Anope::map<std::stringstream> data;

	// Used when writing data.
	Data() = default;

	// Used when reading data.
	Data(yyjson_mut_val *elem)
	{
		size_t idx, max;
		yyjson_mut_val *key, *value;
		yyjson_mut_obj_foreach(elem, idx, max, key, value)
		{
			if (yyjson_mut_get_type(key) != YYJSON_TYPE_STR)
				continue;

			Anope::string akey(yyjson_mut_get_str(key));
			if (akey.equals_ci("id"))
			{
				this->id = yyjson_mut_get_uint(value);
				continue;
			}

			if (yyjson_mut_is_bool(value))
				data[akey] << yyjson_mut_get_bool(value);
			else if (yyjson_mut_is_int(value))
				data[akey] << yyjson_mut_get_int(value);
			else if (yyjson_mut_is_null(value))
				data[akey];
			else if (yyjson_mut_is_real(value))
				data[akey] << yyjson_mut_get_real(value);
			else if (yyjson_mut_is_str(value))
				data[akey] << yyjson_mut_get_str(value);
			else if (yyjson_mut_is_uint(value))
				data[akey] << yyjson_mut_get_uint(value);
		}
	}

	std::iostream &operator[](const Anope::string &key) override
	{
		return data[key];
	}
};

class DBJSON final
	: public Module
{
private:
	using DBPair = std::pair<yyjson_mut_doc *, yyjson_mut_val *>;

	// The databases which have already been loaded from disk.
	std::unordered_map<Module *, DBPair> databases;

	// Whether OnLoadDatabase has been called yet.
	bool loaded = false;

	Anope::string GetDatabaseFile(Module *mod)
	{
		Anope::string filename;
		if (mod)
		{
			// We are reading the name of a module database.
			filename = Config->GetModule(this)
				.Get<Anope::string>("module_database", "{name}.module.json")
				.replace_all_cs("{name}", mod->name);
		}
		else
		{
			// We are reading a the name of the core database.
			filename = Config->GetModule(this)
				.Get<Anope::string>("database", "anope.json");
		}

		return Anope::ExpandData(filename);
	}

	void BackupDatabase(const Anope::string &dbname)
	{
		namespace fs = std::filesystem;

		std::error_code ec;
		fs::path dbpath(dbname.str());
		if (!fs::exists(dbpath, ec) || ec)
			return; // Nothing to backup.

		auto &modconf = Config->GetModule(this);
		auto backups = modconf.Get<unsigned>("backups", "14");
		if (!backups)
			return; // No backups

		auto ignore_backup_failure = modconf.Get<bool>("ignore_backup_failure");

		auto backupdir = Anope::ExpandData(modconf.Get<Anope::string>("backup_directory", "backups"));
		if (!fs::is_directory(backupdir.str(), ec) && !ec)
		{
			fs::create_directories(backupdir.str(), ec);
			if (ec)
			{
				Log(this) << "Failed to create backup directory: " << ec.message();
				if (!ignore_backup_failure)
				{
					Anope::Quitting = true;
					Anope::QuitReason = "Failed to create backup directory: " + ec.message();
				}
				return;
			}
		}

		char timebuf[16];
		strftime(timebuf, sizeof(timebuf), "%Y-%m-%d", localtime(&Anope::CurTime));

		auto backupbase = Anope::Expand(backupdir, dbpath.filename().string()) + ".";
		auto backupname = backupbase + timebuf;

		Log(LOG_DEBUG) << "Copying " << dbname << " to " << backupname;
		if (!fs::copy_file(dbname.str(), backupname.str(), fs::copy_options::overwrite_existing, ec))
		{
			Log(this) << "Failed to copy " << dbname << " to " << backupname << ": " << ec.message();
			if (!ignore_backup_failure)
			{
				Anope::Quitting = true;
				Anope::QuitReason = "Failed to copy " + dbname + " to " + backupname + ": " + ec.message();
			}
		}

		// Delete older backups.
		std::set<Anope::string> old_backups;
		for (const auto &entry : fs::directory_iterator(backupdir.str(), ec))
		{
			Anope::string entryname = entry.path().string();
			if (entryname.compare(0, backupbase.length(), backupbase) != 0)
				continue; // Not one of our backups.

			old_backups.insert(entryname);
			if (old_backups.size() <= backups)
				continue;

			Log(LOG_DEBUG) << "Deleting expired backup " << *old_backups.begin();
			if (!fs::remove(old_backups.begin()->str(), ec))
			{
				Log(this) << "Failed to delete expired backup " << *old_backups.begin() << ": " << ec.message();
				break;
			}
			old_backups.erase(old_backups.begin());
		}
	}

	DBPair ReadDatabase(const Anope::string &dbname)
	{
		yyjson_read_err errmsg;
		const auto flags = YYJSON_READ_ALLOW_TRAILING_COMMAS | YYJSON_READ_ALLOW_INVALID_UNICODE;
		auto *idoc = yyjson_read_file(dbname.c_str(), flags, nullptr, &errmsg);
		if (!idoc)
		{
			Log(this) << "Unable to read " << dbname << ": error #" << errmsg.code << ": " << errmsg.msg;
			return { nullptr, nullptr };
		}

		// We operate on a mutable document because we need to write to it later.
		auto *doc = yyjson_doc_mut_copy(idoc, nullptr);
		yyjson_doc_free(idoc);

		auto *root = yyjson_mut_doc_get_root(doc);
		if (!yyjson_mut_is_obj(root))
		{
			Log(this) << "Unable to read " << dbname << ": root element is not an object";
			return { nullptr, nullptr };
		}

		auto version = yyjson_mut_get_uint(yyjson_mut_obj_get(root, "version"));
		if (version && version != ANOPE_DATABASE_VERSION)
		{
			Log(this) << "Refusing to load an unsupported database version: " << version;
			return { nullptr, nullptr };
		}

		auto generator = yyjson_mut_get_astr(yyjson_mut_obj_get(root, "generator"));
		auto updated = yyjson_mut_get_uint(yyjson_mut_obj_get(root, "updated"));
		Log(LOG_DEBUG) << "Database " << dbname << " was generated on " << Anope::strftime(updated) << " by " << generator;

		auto *data = yyjson_mut_obj_get(root, "data");
		if (!data || !yyjson_mut_is_obj(data))
		{
			Log(this) << "Unable to read " << dbname << ": data element is missing or not an object";
			return { nullptr, nullptr };
		}

		return { doc, data };
	}

	static void UpdateMetadata(yyjson_mut_doc *doc, yyjson_mut_val *obj)
	{
		const auto generator = "Anope " + Anope::Version();
		yyjson_mut_obj_upsert(doc, obj, "generator", yyjson_mut_strncpy(doc, generator.c_str(), generator.length()));
		yyjson_mut_obj_upsert(doc, obj, "version", yyjson_mut_uint(doc, ANOPE_DATABASE_VERSION));
		yyjson_mut_obj_upsert(doc, obj, "updated", yyjson_mut_int(doc, Anope::CurTime));
	}

public:
	DBJSON(const Anope::string &modname, const Anope::string &creator)
		: Module(modname, creator, DATABASE | VENDOR)
	{
	}

	EventReturn OnLoadDatabase() override
	{
		auto dbname = GetDatabaseFile(nullptr);

		auto [doc, data] = ReadDatabase(dbname);
		if (!data)
			return EVENT_STOP;

		for (const auto &type : Serialize::Type::GetTypeOrder())
		{
			auto *s_type = Serialize::Type::Find(type);
			if (!s_type || !s_type->GetOwner())
				continue;

			size_t idx, max;
			yyjson_mut_val *elem;
			yyjson_mut_arr_foreach(data, idx, max, elem)
			{
				Data ld(elem);
				s_type->Unserialize(nullptr, ld);
			}
		}

		loaded = false;
		return EVENT_STOP;
	}

	void OnSaveDatabase() override
	{
		std::set<Module *> updated;
		for (const auto &[_, s_type] : Serialize::Type::GetTypes())
		{
			auto it = databases.find(s_type->GetOwner());
			if (it == databases.end())
			{
				auto *doc = yyjson_mut_doc_new(nullptr);

				auto *root = yyjson_mut_obj(doc);
				yyjson_mut_doc_set_root(doc, root);

				UpdateMetadata(doc, root);

				auto *data = yyjson_mut_obj(doc);
				yyjson_mut_obj_add_val(doc, root, "data", data);

				databases[s_type->GetOwner()] = { doc, data };
			}
			else if (updated.find(s_type->GetOwner()) == updated.end())
			{
				auto *doc = it->second.first;
				auto *root = yyjson_mut_doc_get_root(doc);

				UpdateMetadata(doc, root);
				updated.insert(s_type->GetOwner());
			}
		}

		std::set<Serialize::Type *> seen;
		for (auto *item : Serializable::GetItems())
		{
			auto *s_type = item->GetSerializableType();
			if (!s_type)
				continue; // Provider has been unloaded.

			auto it = databases.find(s_type->GetOwner());
			if (it == databases.end())
				continue; // Type has not been registered?

			auto &[doc, data] = it->second;

			// If the type object doesn't exist then create it. Otherwise, clear.
			// all of the previous objects stored in it.
			auto *type = yyjson_mut_obj_getn(data, s_type->GetName().c_str(), s_type->GetName().length());
			if (!type || yyjson_mut_get_type(type) != YYJSON_TYPE_ARR)
			{
				// We haven't seen this element before.
				type = yyjson_mut_arr(doc);
				yyjson_mut_obj_add_val(doc, data, s_type->GetName().c_str(), type);
			}
			else if (seen.find(s_type) == seen.end())
			{
				// We are reusing an existing element, clear it.
				yyjson_mut_arr_clear(type);
				seen.insert(s_type);
			}

			auto *elem = yyjson_mut_arr_add_obj(doc, type);
			if (item->id)
				yyjson_mut_obj_add_uint(doc, elem, "id", item->id);

			Data sd;
			s_type->Serialize(item, sd);
			for (const auto &[key, value] : sd.data)
			{
				yyjson_mut_val *v;
				switch (sd.GetType(key))
				{
					case Serialize::DataType::BOOL:
						v = yyjson_mut_bool(doc, Anope::Convert<bool>(value.str(), false));
						break;
					case Serialize::DataType::FLOAT:
						v = yyjson_mut_real(doc, Anope::Convert<double>(value.str(), 0.0));
						break;
					case Serialize::DataType::INT:
						v = yyjson_mut_int(doc, Anope::Convert<int64_t>(value.str(), 0));
						break;
					case Serialize::DataType::TEXT:
					{
						auto str = value.str();
						v = str.empty() ? yyjson_mut_null(doc) : yyjson_mut_strncpy(doc, str.c_str(), str.length());
						break;
					}
					case Serialize::DataType::UINT:
						v = yyjson_mut_uint(doc, Anope::Convert<uint64_t>(value.str(), 0));
						break;
				}

				auto *k = yyjson_mut_strncpy(doc, key.c_str(), key.length());
				yyjson_mut_obj_add(elem, k, v);
			}
		}

		for (auto &[mod, database] : databases)
		{
			auto dbname = GetDatabaseFile(mod);
			BackupDatabase(dbname);

			yyjson_write_err errmsg;
			const auto flags = YYJSON_WRITE_ALLOW_INVALID_UNICODE | YYJSON_WRITE_NEWLINE_AT_END | YYJSON_WRITE_PRETTY;
			if (!yyjson_mut_write_file(dbname.c_str(), database.first, flags, nullptr, &errmsg))
			{
				Log(this) << "Unable to write " << dbname << ": error #" << errmsg.code << ": " << errmsg.msg;
				// TODO: exit??? retry???
			}
		}
	}

	void OnSerializeTypeCreate(Serialize::Type *s_type) override
	{
		if (!loaded)
			return; // We are creating on boot.

		auto it = databases.find(s_type->GetOwner());
		if (it == databases.end())
		{
			// The database for this type hasn't been loaded yet.
			const auto dbname = GetDatabaseFile(s_type->GetOwner());

			auto db = ReadDatabase(dbname);
			if (!db.second)
				return; // Not much we can do here.

			it = databases.emplace(s_type->GetOwner(), db).first;
		}

		auto &[doc, data] = it->second;

		size_t idx, max;
		yyjson_mut_val *elem;
		yyjson_mut_arr_foreach(data, idx, max, elem)
		{
			Data ld(elem);
			s_type->Unserialize(nullptr, ld);
		}
	}
};

MODULE_INIT(DBJSON)